Mail & Guardian
Student funding in South Africa
- Title
- Student funding in South Africa
- Runtime
- 1:43:08
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- Join Fundi and Mail & Guardian for an in-depth webinar where Thembekile Mrototo will engage Captains of industry on the challenges and solutions to Student Funding in SA
- Title
- EXCLUSIVE: The M&G interviews Minister Pravin Gordhan - PART 4
- Runtime
- 1:20
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- In an interview, the public enterprises minister outlined the challenges implicit in turning around state-owned entities
- Title
- EXCLUSIVE: The M&G interviews Minister Pravin Gordhan - PART 2
- Runtime
- 5:08
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- The public enterprises minister outlined the challenges implicit in turning around state-owned entities
- Title
- EXCLUSIVE: The M&G interviews Minister Pravin Gordhan - PART 1
- Runtime
- 1:35
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- The public enterprises minister outlined the challenges implicit in turning around state-owned entities
- Title
- Ian Khama: I am going back to Botswana
- Runtime
- 1:04
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- As the former president gets ready to return to Botswana and decide his political future, current President Mokgweetsi Masisi appears to be extending an olive branch
- Title
- Ian Khama: I am going back to Botswana - Part 2
- Runtime
- 2:08
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- As the former president gets ready to return to Botswana and decide his political future, current President Mokgweetsi Masisi appears to be extending an olive branch
- Title
- Ian Khama: I am going back to Botswana - Part 1
- Runtime
- 0:14
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- As the former president gets ready to return to Botswana and decide his political future, current President Mokgweetsi Masisi appears to be extending an olive branch
- Title
- GGA Cabo Delgado, Mozambique
- Runtime
- 1:45:10
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- Cabo Delgado province in Northern Mozambique has been the epicentre of a violent conflict which has claimed the lives of over 4000 people and displaced several hundred thousand more over the past five years
To date military interventions have failed to end the insurgency. This webinar will bring together expert researchers and practitioners from Mozambique and the wider region to discuss the current state of the conflict as well as the potential for alternative, non-military interventions to bring peace to Northern Mozambique
- Title
- Tembisa residents speak out on load-shedding
- Runtime
- 1:42
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- People living in Tembisa have had enough of load-shedding. They want the government to do something about it
- Title
- ‘Reckoning with the Riots’: A documentary on the July 2021 unrest
- Runtime
- 13:03
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- In just eight days of the deadly July 2021 riots, more than 350 people died across KwaZulu-Natal and Gauteng. One of the most violent episodes in post-apartheid South Africa has still not been reckoned with. Many of the killers who murdered innocent people — some of whom were private security guards and vigilantes — have not been brought to justice. The extreme poverty, which drove the looting, has also not been addressed.
Reckoning with the Riots is a short documentary that explores the factors and context that sparked the tragedy, as well as the aftermath and quest for justice. It features conversations with witnesses, those who lost loved ones, lawyers, human rights proponents, business owners and people who lived through the riots.
Witnesses and families of victims speak about their loss and what it means for the future of South Africa’s social relations, placing the riots in the context of the country’s long history of racial and economic exclusi...
- Title
- ANC Elective Conference: Ramaphosa re-elected party president, top 7 decided
- Runtime
- 2:09
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- Cyril Ramaphosa has secured his second term as president of the ANC with a significant victory over challenger Zweli Mkhize.
For the position of deputy president, Paul Mashatile, the outgoing treasurer general, beat Ronald Lamola (315) and Oscar Mabuyane (1 858) with 2 178 votes.
In the vote for national chairperson, incumbent Gwede Mantashe (2 062) narrowly beat off a challenge from Stan Mathabatha (2 018).
Fikile Mbalula won the battle for secretary general with 1 692 votes, beating Phumulo Masualle (1 590) and Mdumiseni Ntuli who garnered 1 080.
Nomvula Mokonyane won the position of first deputy secretary general with 2 195 votes, beating Tina Joemat-Pettersson. Maropene Ramokgopa was successful in her bid to become second deputy secretary general with 2 373 votes.
Gwen Ramokgopa, another of Ramaphosa’s allies, took the post of treasurer general with 1 809 votes, beating Pule Mabe (1 652), Bejani Chauke (590) and Mz...
- Title
- Local barista academy skills the youth of Soweto
- Runtime
- 3:44
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- The ANC elective conference provided an opportunity for a local youth initiative to show off their coffee making skills.
- Title
- Joburg's rains are causing flooding and destroying homes
- Runtime
- 5:01
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- Heavy rains have submerged vehicles, trapped homeowners on roofs, collapsed walls, and decimated shacks and houses
- Title
- Just transition: 'We are in the dark'
- Runtime
- 5:15
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- As South Africa tries to shift to low-carbon energy, Eskom will shut down ageing coal stations, repurposing them as renewable energy plants.
Eskom says no jobs will be lost. But people at Hendrina and Komati coal-fired power stations in Mpumalanga say they “don’t know what a just transition is”, creating concerns about their futures.
- Title
- Introducing a Universal Basic Income Grant in South Africa
- Runtime
- 2:18:49
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- The Basic Income Grant (BIG) has long been a topic of debate in South Africa. The idea was first raised in a 1997 White Paper on Social Welfare. More than 20 years later, more than half the population lives on R 1335 per month or less. In the context of widespread poverty, unemployment, and the need for wealth redistribution and social redress, the justification for a BIG is especially relevant today.
The South African government introduced a Social Relief of Distress Grant (SRD) to ameliorate growing levels of hunger resulting from the hard lockdown, however, the monetary value of the grant amounts to approximately a loaf of bread a day, far below a decent standard of living. Nevertheless, this grant did prevent more than 10 million beneficiaries from falling into starvation. There are still a number of limitations in relation to the SRD, the biggest issue being that the grant is scheduled to come to an end in March 2023, which will result in 10 mil...
- Title
- Greening the Future Awards winners announcement 2022
- Runtime
- 44:37
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- The Mail & Guardian is proud to celebrate the 18th edition of Greening the Future flagship under the theme: Making strides in climate resilience and shifting from fossil fuel-based energy to cleaner energy. Greening The Future is an annual environmental awards event in South Africa that recognises 40 winners in 9 environmental and sustainability categories. Greening the Future was launched by the Mail & Guardian in 1998 and has been an annual celebration of environmental and sustainability trailblazers and heroes ever since.
- Title
- Reflections on the Medium Term Budget Policy Statement(MTBPS 2022)
- Runtime
- 4:46:40
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- There is widespread agreement that South Africa is facing policy choices. Economic growth has been lower than expected and the social and economic pressures have been ramped up due to the Covid -19 pandemic and the need to get the economy functioning at a high enough level to make a dent in the rising poverty and inequality levels. Join United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the Public Service Accountability Monitor (PSAM), in partnership with the Mail & Guardian, a panel of experts and key stakeholders to a hybrid Critical Thinking Forum reflecting on the Medium Term Budget Policy Statement (MTBPS 2022)
- Title
- Five climate impacts
- Runtime
- 1:45
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- Climate change is already having an impact in southern Africa
- Title
- GCIS Maritime strategy
- Runtime
- 1:37:22
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- How safe are Africa's ports, harbours, Goods and seafarers since AU published the 2050 AIM strategy a decade ago? Has African vessel ownership been promoted?
Join GCIS in partnership with Mail & Guardian as the unpack the progress report.
- Title
- Women's Economic Justice
- Runtime
- 1:04:21
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- A Conversation on Equity in the Labour Force, Confronting Domestic Violence, and the Work of Women in building Flourishing Economies.
The Covid-19 pandemic and government lockdowns have exacerbated what is now being called the “shadow pandemic” of women increasingly being abused—sexually, physically, emotionally, and economically. For many women around the world, the violence manifests in their own homes as well as spaces of work and enterprise.
Now more than ever it is critical for women to gain financial freedom to break the vicious cycle of gender-based violence and workplace abuse. In recognition of Leah Tutu’s Birthday and Domestic Violence Awareness month, the Desmond & Leah Tutu Legacy Foundation and Shared Interest are excited to co-host a webinar about the economic and domestic threats to women’s empowerment.
According to recent research by the International Monetary Fund, an increase in violence against women by 1 percentage poin...
- Title
- Frank Dialogue on the future of the SA economy
- Runtime
- 1:31:17
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- Frank Dialogue on the future of the SA economy
- Title
- DDP Presents: The Electoral Amendment Bill and the Case for Electoral Reform
- Runtime
- 1:52:49
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- In June 2020 the Constitutional Court declared the current South African Electoral Act unconstitutional in so far as it does not allow independent candidates to contest elections at national and provincial levels, thus preventing people who do not wish to belong to political parties from contesting elections.
Among the fundamental rights, responsibilities and powers afforded to people in a democracy is the opportunity to vote for public representatives and to stand to be elected to office. These rights are enshrined in the constitution of the Republic of South Africa.
The current Electoral Amendment Bill, which is being debated in parliament and was opened for further public comment (closed on 16 September 2022), does not meet constitutional muster. It entrenches the existing political dispensation, by favoring larger political parties while disempowering independent candidates and in our view will not survive a challenge in the Constitutional Court.
...
- Title
- Mindful Revolution
- Runtime
- 59:13
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- Join us as we discuss why every organization should have a mental wellbeing strategy and share a blueprint around how you go about designing, creating, and implementing one for your workplace.
- Title
- GGA- Africa's girl child - Session 3/3
- Runtime
- 3:15:39
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- This event is designed to advance conversations and action around Africa’s girl child, re-imagining a better today and future for the benefit of all. We aim to bring together experts, practitioners, policy makers and activists in the space to share, learn, and agitate for change.
Coinciding with the launch of the latest issue of GGA’s flagship publication Africa in Fact, which focuses on Africa’s girl child with contributions from a wide range of writers across the continent, we invite you to join us as we share the latest insights, realities, challenges, and possibilities in addressing how to improve the overall well being and life chances of girls on this continent.
- Title
- GGA-Africa's girl child - Session 2/3
- Runtime
- 1:42:36
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- This event is designed to advance conversations and action around Africa’s girl child, re-imagining a better today and future for the benefit of all. We aim to bring together experts, practitioners, policy makers and activists in the space to share, learn, and agitate for change.
Coinciding with the launch of the latest issue of GGA’s flagship publication Africa in Fact, which focuses on Africa’s girl child with contributions from a wide range of writers across the continent, we invite you to join us as we share the latest insights, realities, challenges, and possibilities in addressing how to improve the overall well being and life chances of girls on this continent.
- Title
- GGA-Africa’s girl child - Session 1/3
- Runtime
- 2:10:17
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- This event is designed to advance conversations and action around Africa’s girl child, re-imagining a better today and future for the benefit of all. We aim to bring together experts, practitioners, policy makers and activists in the space to share, learn, and agitate for change.
Coinciding with the launch of the latest issue of GGA’s flagship publication Africa in Fact, which focuses on Africa’s girl child with contributions from a wide range of writers across the continent, we invite you to join us as we share the latest insights, realities, challenges, and possibilities in addressing how to improve the overall well being and life chances of girls on this continent.
- Title
- State capture arrests so far — and who is missing
- Runtime
- 0:56
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- People named in the Zondo state capture report are appearing in court but there is still a long list of those who need to face the law
- Title
- Rediscovering you: Health & Wellness in a post-pandemic world
- Runtime
- 1:29:05
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- According to the World Health Organization (WHO), health is defined as being a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
According to Pfizer, wellness is the act of practicing healthy habits on a daily basis to attain better health for both physical and mental outcomes, so that instead of just surviving, you’re thriving.
After almost two years since the start of the Covid-19 pandemic, people are now more conscious and desire to achieve better health and wellness in order to combat the virus, focusing on key areas such as nutrition, fitness, exercise, sleep, mindfulness and social connectedness.
How can employers manage and promote better health and wellbeing in the workplace? How can employees’ access support and tools they need to stay healthy and happy, ultimately ensuring optimum productivity at the workplace and growth of the business? How to achieve win-win for...
- Title
- Study finds no evidence dehorning rhinos has an impact on the species
- Runtime
- 1:22
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- A small study shows it doesn’t have a detrimental effect on the animals but more research is needed
- Title
- HERITAGE WEBINAR: CELEBRATING THE LEGACY OF SOLOMON LINDA AND SOUTH AFRICA’S INDIGENOUS MUSIC
- Runtime
- 1:34:14
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- Government Communication and Information System in partnership with Brand
South Africa, Mail & Guardian, Asham Television, cordially invites members you to
Africa’s Webinar on celebrating Africa’s Heritage taking place on 29 September at
14h00.The webinar will feature the Mr. Mthandazo Gatya, the Indigenous singer,
songwriter and tiktok viral artist collaborating with John Legend on his song Nervous.
The month of September is commemorated as Heritage month celebrating the
cultural expressions and practices that form a body of knowledge and provide for
continuity, dynamism and meaning to social life for generations and communities.
South Africa possesses a vast and diverse array of intangible cultural heritage that
our communities have inherited from their fore-bearers and is passed from one
generation to the next. This is done through the oral tradition, experiential learning
and apprenticeship.
...
- Title
- Who is coining it from the Eskom bust?
- Runtime
- 0:54
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- Load shedding affects most South Africans negatively. But some solar power installers are smiling all the way to the bank. Homeowners and businesses are taking a keen interest in purchasing solar power as they can be without electricity for up to 12 hours a day at times. Many people are now taking matters into their own hands. Solar power does not come cheap, though. Some South Africans are paying around R60 000 to R120 000 for solar power to avoid being reliant on Eskom.
- Title
- Collaboration needed as water treatment plants reach capacity
- Runtime
- 1:02
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- Wastewater management in South Africa is approaching crisis levels and there is an urgent need for collaboration between different players in the water sector..
Wastewater is water that has been used before. It is water from homes and businesses and includes substances such as human waste, food and chemicals.
- Title
- Load-shedding goes global
- Runtime
- 1:07
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- There is a global energy crisis. Countries all over the world are struggling to provide adequate electricity to their people. With Russia cutting gas supply to parts of Europe, countries such as Germany are bracing for power shortages. Australia, parts of the United States, and many other countries could face more power cuts. It looks like South Africa isn’t the only country load-shedding its people.
- Title
- Drones are being used to help save the critically endangered Clanwilliam cedar in the Western Cape
- Runtime
- 2:04
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- AirSeed Cedar project allows targeted seed distribution by air to inaccessible or dangerous terrain
- Title
- Africa’s Webinar on Covid-19 Women’s Socio - Economic Empowerment & Advancement
- Runtime
- 1:50:40
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- The Government Communication and Information System in partnership with Brand South Africa, BintiAfrika Konnect and Mail and Guardian invites you to Africa’s Webinar on women’s socio-economic empowerment and advancement taking place on the 29 August 2022.
August is celebrated as Women’s month and it provides an opportunity to pay tribute to the generations of women whose struggles laid the foundations for the progress in realising a conducive environment, which enables women to prosper.
In line with gender equality goals, the emphasis will be on elevating the voices of ordinary women across sectors of society. This should in turn provide further impetus to strategic interventions on women’s socio-economic empowerment and advancement to which will ensure the radical transformation of gender relations and the political, social and economic empowerment of all women across all sectors, including young women and those with disabilities.
...
- Title
- Crocodiles fitted with satellite transmitters to gauge acid mine drainage spill
- Runtime
- 2:00
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- Nine crocodiles were introduced onto the Loskop Dam Nature Reserve in Mpumalanga last week. Three of them were fitted with satellite transmitters, marking a landmark first-of-its-kind project on the reserve to track and monitor crocodile movements.
- Title
- PREVIEW #4 | Marikana: South Africa's Dark Heart
- Runtime
- 1:29
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- The Mail & Guardian talks to retired judge Ian Farlam.
In commemoration of a decade since the Marikana massacre, the M&G has produced an in-depth documentary about the events leading up to the killings, the massacre itself and the devastating aftermath.
We have spoken to family members of the murdered who, to this day, remain weighed down with grief and are yet to find closure. In this video,
- Title
- Strengthening Health Research and Development Funding in South Africa
- Runtime
- 2:11:31
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- In 2001, South Africa committed to allocate 2% of the health budget to research and development. However, over the past two decades, the actual government spend on health research has consistently fallen below this target but remained highest in all low to middle-income countries. In the last two years investments for vaccines R&D and manufacturing increased tremendously hence paving the way for more investment into health R&D for other priority areas.
- Title
- PREVIEW #3 | Marikana: South Africa's Dark Heart
- Runtime
- 0:51
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- The Mail & Guardian talks to Goodman Jokanisi.
In commemoration of a decade since the Marikana massacre, the M&G has produced an in-depth documentary about the events leading up to the killings, the massacre itself and the devastating aftermath.
We have spoken to family members of the murdered who, to this day, remain weighed down with grief and are yet to find closure. In this video,
- Title
- PREVIEW #2 | Marikana: South Africa's Dark Heart
- Runtime
- 0:54
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- In commemoration of a decade since the Marikana massacre, the Mail & Guardian has produced an in-depth documentary about the events leading up to the killings, the massacre itself and the devastating aftermath.
We have spoken to family members of the murdered who, to this day, remain weighed down with grief and are yet to find closure.
- Title
- PREVIEW | Marikana: South Africa's Dark Heart
- Runtime
- 1:28
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- In commemoration of a decade since the Marikana massacre, the Mail & Guardian has produced an in-depth documentary about the events leading up to the killings, the massacre itself and the devastating aftermath.
We have spoken to family members of the murdered who, to this day, remain weighed down with grief and are yet to find closure.
- Title
- African Media Barometer 2021 South Africa
- Runtime
- 1:57:55
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- A homegrown measurement system for national media environments in Africa, compiled using insights and experiences of media workers and civil society. The AMB has been completed over 121 times in 32 African countries.
- Title
- A Just Peace: Finding a Common Humanity with the People of Ukraine
- Runtime
- 1:52:17
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- In partnership with the Ukrainian Association of South Africa, the Desmond & Leah Tutu Legacy Foundation will host a dialogue with Graça Machel, Deputy Chair of The Elders, and other African and Ukrainian civil society leaders, on the impact of the war on the people of Ukraine, and the urgent need for accountability and peace.
In the struggle to overcome our colonial past, Africans know better than anyone the importance of being vocal in the fight for justice and peace globally. This coming together and exchange of African and Ukrainian shared experiences, seeks to look beyond the geo-political debate and see a common humanity with the people on the ground.
Africans, having gone through similar experiences in the past, can ill-afford to be neutral in the face of human rights violations in Ukraine. Our contexts may be different, but in sharing our stories we learn that our humanity is bound up in each other.
Join this first of several dialogues on the issu...
- Title
- DDP Presents: Women's visibility in South Africa
- Runtime
- 1:32:20
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- Political representation, economic emancipation, and the framework for decreasing the scourge of femicide and GBV
- Title
- Educate back to school launch
- Runtime
- 2:16:16
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- Programme fosters South Africa’s future engineers, critical thinkers
In order to tackle South Africa’s most pressing issues – including youth unemployment,
economic growth, and the energy crisis – it is critical to create a young population of
problem solvers who are equipped with the right skills for a rapidly changing world.
The 2002 EduCate Matric Maths and Science Revision programme, which launched in
Johannesburg today, aims to do just that.
This unique maths and science revision programme, one of the most powerful and far-
reaching interventions of its kind in South Africa, has proven to be a significant exam-mark
booster for thousands of disadvantaged matric learners from across the country.
Run by Primestars, a leader in the field of youth development progammes, EduCate is a
science and maths revision programme that covers the full CAPS curriculum for Grade 12
learners from under-resourced schools. Run an...
- Title
- #Young&Presidential: Youth as a catalyst for change
- Runtime
- 1:43:14
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- It has been just over 45 years since the 1976 Soweto Uprising – an integral moment in the call for democracy in an apartheid led South Africa. June 16 remains to be a monumental date in our country’s history. It not only represents our country’s commitment to democracy and the lives sacrificed in order for us to all reap the benefits of democracy, but it is also a day that requires one to be reflective of the democratic position of our country – particularly the relationship between youth and democracy.
In most developing countries there is a lack of youth participation in politics. The primary cause for this comes from the state’s incapability to construct and/or develop sufficient platforms that encourage meaningful involvement of citizens in political processes – particularly the youth. This then leads to the youth feeling excluded from political processes and not having the means to express their grievances. They, then, tend to resolve protests and youth activis...
- Title
- China vs US The battle for digital supremacy in Africa
- Runtime
- 2:24:03
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- With the global rise of the digital economy, Africa has become a playground for the US and China, respectively the first and second largest economies in the world by GDP. Over the past couple of years, the global competition between the two powers has played out on the African continent. In recent years, this has taken the form of heightened competition, the rolling out of policy, and investment strategies by the two powers. From 2018 onwards, the trade war between the US and China was most prominent in the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector, with African nations caught between the two powers. While analysis have, for the most part, taken the form of what the implications of US and Chinese would respectively mean for Africa, little has been analysed from an African point of view.
The objective of this webinar is to debate and contribute information and knowledge on how Africans view the competing approaches of these global powe...
- Title
- Beyond Covid-19: Strengthening Africa’s health systems to address current & future health priorities
- Runtime
- 1:06:34
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- The Covid-19 pandemic continues to evolve, and African countries’ response strategies must also evolve to reflect new and ongoing health priorities, challenges, and opportunities. As countries shift from crisis response to long-term control strategies, the integration of Covid-19 management into broader health systems is critical for achieving health equity and health security.
Join Africa’s leading health experts and policymakers for a discussion on how we can sustain momentum around pandemic preparedness, equitable recovery, and Covid-19 vaccination in Africa — while also ensuring that other health issues and deadly diseases are prioritised.
- Title
- M&G 200 Young Promo - 2022 Category Winners
- Runtime
- 0:47
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- The 2022 Mail & Guardian 200 Young South Africans event hosted at the Market Theater in Johannesburg was such a vibe! Catch a glimpse of our winners here and visit - https://200youngsouthafricans.co.za/
- Title
- ‘An untapped lever - The Abandoned Liquor Amendment Bill’
- Runtime
- 1:34:14
- Date posted
- 4 years ago
- Description
- The extent of alcohol abuse and its link with violent crime is without equal in Africa and should be a source of deep shame to all South Africans. Gender-based violence is driven by gender inequality, made worse by social and economic marginalisation, failures of policing and justice, and the abuse of drugs and alcohol. It is now time to put the rights of women and children first – those who are, or will become victims of harmful use of alcohol, and there is global evidence of what needs to be done now. While social drinkers may feel that price increases and other restrictions are unfair on them, it is time to face up to what ‘unfair’ really means for women and children.
The primary goal of the Douglas Murray Trust (DGMT) is to advocate for a strong regulatory environment that controls access to alcohol and the promotion of heavy drinking. This year, we are specifically aiming to advocate for the liquor amendment bill to be brought back to parliament and for advertis...
