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Where the 1960s "psychedelic" look came from

Title: Where the 1960s "psychedelic" look came from
Runtime: 5:41
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: The hippie aesthetic owes a lot to Art Nouveau.

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When you picture hippies, you probably picture bell bottoms, long hair, and LSD. You might also think of a very specific graphic design and illustration style, seen on concert posters and album covers: curly, cloudy, barely legible lettering, trippy color combinations, and decorative meandering borders. This style was first conceived in San Francisco by a handful of designers in the late 1960s. Their job? Make posters for bands like The Byrds, the Grateful Dead, Janis Joplin, Steve Miller Band, Jimi Hendrix … all of whom were just getting their start, competing for nightly stage time at venues like the Fillmore and the Avalon.

But these designers didn’t invent that now-iconic style. In fact, they were heavily influenced by an art movement that started in the late 1800s called Art Nouveau.

Read more about Art Nouveau and other maj...

Title: America's wilderness is for sale
Runtime: 10:27
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: We need more copper. Is it worth destroying this place?

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The Trump administration has opened up America's public lands to mining and fossil fuel companies on an unprecedented scale, lifting decades-long protections from millions of acres of wilderness across the country. In Minnesota, one proposed copper mine is pitting neighbors against each other as they weigh the benefits of new mining jobs against the environmental consequences of new mines. It’s an old American debate that’s been further complicated here by an unforgiving reality: We need copper, and there are not that many places to get it.

Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com

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Title: The first movie with CGI
Runtime: 4:57
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: The first CGI in movies was inspired by some of the first photos of Mars. This is how it worked.
Almanac Hollywouldn't is our miniseries on big changes to movies that came from outside Hollywood. Watch all of the episodes right here on YouTube.
Episode 2: https://youtu.be/stznrpS3_Gc
Episode 3: https://youtu.be/80CKTOjjZFQ

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In this episode of Vox Almanac, producer Phil Edwards explores the history behind the groundbreaking CGI (Computer Generated Imagery) in 1973’s Westworld. The film drew inspiration from a surprising source: the photographs taken by the Mars Mariner flyby of the red planet in the mid-1960s.

Designer and artist John Whitney saw the Mariner photos and though their distinctive appearance was a good template — as well as technical model — for the computer vision of a robot character in Westworld. In replicating the NASA achievement, he notched his own historic fir...

Title: China's fight with the NBA, explained
Runtime: 9:30
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: It all started with a single tweet.

To learn more, listen to this episode of Today Explained, a daily podcast from Vox:
https://art19.com/shows/today-explained/episodes/19d61e8b-55f6-4f57-a1be-49f8f5bb7828

In October 2019, Houston Rockets general manager Daryl Morey posted a tweet supporting pro-democracy protests in Hong Kong. In reaction, the Chinese government censored NBA broadcasts in China, and Chinese companies suspended business deals with the world's premiere basketball league. As the controversy spun out of control, NBA commissioner Adam Silver, Houston Rockets star James Harden, and NBA All-Star LeBron James were all asked for their opinion on the growing crisis. In this video, we dive deep into the relevant history that led to this critical moment.

For decades, the NBA has been pushing a business strategy to attract fans in China, where basketball is more popular than in the United States. At the same time, the government of the...

The mistake that toppled the Berlin Wall

Title: The mistake that toppled the Berlin Wall
Runtime: 8:11
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: One of the Cold War's biggest moments began at a routine press conference.

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The fall of the Berlin Wall has a lot of memorable moments: US President Ronald Reagan’s declaration to “tear down this wall”; David Hasselhoff singing at the Brandenburg Gate; and Berliners wielding pickaxes and hammers, tearing apart the visible symbol of a divided Europe.

But a less spectacular moment actually triggered the crumbling of the wall. It happened at a routine press conference on November 9th, 1989, when East German spokesperson Günter Schabowski was handed an announcement about relaxed travel regulations. In his lack of preparation, he mistakenly insinuated that the checkpoints in the Berlin Wall — which up until then were guarded by soldiers with orders to shoot anyone trying to cross — were now open (das sofort, unverzüglich). They weren’t, but that announcement was all East Berliners needed ...

How Florida legally terrorized gay students

Title: How Florida legally terrorized gay students
Runtime: 11:57
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: The hidden history of a Florida witch hunt.

Help our reporting on hidden histories. Submit a story idea here: http://bit.ly/2RhjxMy

Starting in the 1950s, a Florida state committee spent years stalking, intimidating, and outing hundreds of LGBTQ people. And they got away with it. Amid a national witch hunt for communists and an ascendant civil rights movement, a group of Florida politicians with a mission to preserve racial segregation in the state created a powerful group called the Florida Legislative Investigation Committee.

Commonly called the "Johns Committee" for the influential state senator Charley Johns who spearheaded it, the Committee went after civil rights activists by arguing they were backed by communists. But when those investigations failed, they turned to a new group to target: LGBTQ people. Today, over 50 years later, some Florida legislators are calling for the state to finally come to terms with this part of its history.
...

Title: Why Turkey is invading Syria
Runtime: 9:26
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: … and how it’s getting what it wanted.

On Oct. 9, 2019, Turkey launched an attack in northeastern Syria. Turkey made the move shortly after the US announced it would remove some of its troops from the region.

Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan had his eyes on the region for years. Turkey, he argued, needed a “safe zone” to serve as a buffer against the Syrian War happening just across the border. Yet back home in Turkey, there were other factors at play that accelerated his calls for an invasion that involved Erdoğan’s own political survival.

The move has recalibrated alliances in the Syrian War and added new uncertainty on the future of the region.

To learn more, check out these additional resources:

Vox’s previous reporting on the conflict:
https://www.vox.com/world/2019/10/16/20908262/turkey-syria-kurds-trump-invasion-questions
https://www.vox.com/world/2019/10/23/20928769/trymp-syria-t...

Title: Is the gray wolf actually endangered?
Runtime: 5:27
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: When are we done protecting the gray wolf?

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When European settlers first came to America they were set on “civilizing” the land. This meant a lot of rash, sweeping changes — one of which was to eradicate a familiar target: the gray wolf. Bounties were placed on the animal across the US. By the 1930s, the once plentiful wolf population was decimated.

Decades later, restorations efforts have led to an extensive recovery of the animal. The Fish and Wildlife Service thinks we’ve done enough, but conservationists say our work is far from done. Check out the video above to learn more.

You can read the Vox article on this topic here:
https://www.vox.com/2019/7/13/20690727/endangered-species-list-2019-gray-wolves

You can find the Fish and Wildlife Service’s proposal to delist the gray wolf here:
https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/03/15/2019-0442...

The man who rigged America's election maps

Title: The man who rigged America's election maps
Runtime: 7:32
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: The story of the man who gerrymandered America.

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When Republican mapmaker Thomas Hofeller died in 2018, we learned exactly how far Republicans were willing to go to gerrymander political districts — and rig elections to give themselves majorities in statehouses and Congress.

Here's Hofeller's obituary from 2018, before his files were released: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/21/obituaries/thomas-hofeller-republican-master-of-political-maps-dies-at-75.html

And here's David Daley — one of the leading experts on gerrymandering — writing about Hofeller's files, which show the intent behind the maps he drew: https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-secret-files-of-the-master-of-modern-republican-gerrymandering

My colleagues Ella Nilsen and Tara Golshan covered the North Carolina maps being thrown out by state courts: https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/9/3/208...

How the US stole thousands of Native American children

Title: How the US stole thousands of Native American children
Runtime: 13:42
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: The long and brutal history of the US trying to “kill the Indian and save the man”.

Help our reporting on hidden histories. Submit a story idea here: http://bit.ly/2RhjxMy

Toward the end of the 19th century, the US took thousands of Native American children and enrolled them in off-reservation boarding schools, stripping them of their cultures and languages. Yet decades later as the US phased out the schools, following years of indigenous activism, it found a new way to assimilate Native American children: promoting their adoption into white families. Watch the episode to find out how these two distinct eras in US history have had lasting impacts on Native American families.

In the Vox series Missing Chapter, Vox Senior Producer Ranjani Chakraborty revisits underreported and often overlooked moments from the past to give context to the present. Join her as she covers the histories that are often left out of our textbooks. Our first season tack...

Title: How American CEOs got so rich
Runtime: 10:08
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: For a long time, it was off-limits for a corporation to buy back its own stock. Not anymore.

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American companies today spend billions on stock buybacks. So what does that mean for the US economy? And how did it help make American CEOs so unbelievably rich?

To learn more about stock buybacks, General Motors, and the Lordstown GM plant, check out the following sources:

William Lazonick, Harvard Business Review: Profits Without Prosperity (https://hbr.org/2014/09/profits-without-prosperity)

Irina Lendel, Melissa Piazza, Matthew Ellerbrock, Cleveland State University: Lordstown GM Plant Closure Economic Impact Study (https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2594&context=urban_facpub)

Emily Stewart, Vox: Walmart is paying $20 billion to shareholders. With that money, it could boost hourly wages to over $15. (https://www.vox.com/business-a...

Title: Are you supposed to tip an Uber driver?
Runtime: 6:33
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: Why is ride-hail tipping so confusing?

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If you've ever felt unsure about how much to tip your driver on apps like Uber or Lyft, you're not alone. There's a lot of confusion around tipping etiquette on app-based rides, and much of it can be traced back to Uber's beginnings. As the app that made ride-hailing a thing in the first place, Uber established many of the standards around how we use those services, including the forgoing of tips. But as the ride-hail market has changed, that's become less of a good deal for drivers.

To learn more about the average pay and tips of an Uber driver, check out this survey by Ridester: https://www.ridester.com/2018-survey/

...and this study by the Economic Policy Institute: https://www.epi.org/publication/uber-and-the-labor-market-uber-drivers-compensation-wages-and-the-scale-of-uber-and-the-gig-economy/

For more information about the app...

Why Spend Money in Video Games? - Glad You Asked S1

Title: Why Spend Money in Video Games? - Glad You Asked S1
Runtime: 14:46
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: Glad You Asked host Alex Clark has been a gamer for most of his life. And in all his years of playing, he's spent a great deal of money buying and selling virtual items in video games. He’s not alone -- billions of dollars are spent inside the virtual economies of video games. So why spend money on a virtual good? And how did they become so valuable?

Key sources:
CS:GO 'Dragon Lore' AWP skin sells for more than $61,000 https://www.pcgamer.com/csgo-dragon-lore-awp-skin-sells-for-more-than-61000/

Bank Failure in Second Life Leads to Calls for Regulation https://www.wired.com/2007/08/bank-failure-in-second-life-leads-to-calls-for-regulation/

Meet The Man Who Just Made A Half Million From The Sale Of Virtual Property https://www.forbes.com/sites/oliverchiang/2010/11/13/meet-the-man-who-just-made-a-cool-half-million-from-the-sale-of-virtual-property/#640c50b721cd

0:00 Intro
1:16 Virtual Goods
4:05 Why Buy Virtual Good...

Why Do Memes Matter? - Glad You Asked S1

Title: Why Do Memes Matter? - Glad You Asked S1
Runtime: 19:01
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: Memes are the language of the internet. At some point in the last decade, they became the secret ingredient for advertising, political messaging, and disinformation all across the world. Glad You Asked host Christophe Haubursin wanted to know why that happened — and what it means for the internet today.

Key Sources:
The Ambivalent Internet: Mischief, Oddity, and Antagonism Online
https://www.wiley.com/en-us/The+Ambivalent+Internet%3A+Mischief%2C+Oddity%2C+and+Antagonism+Online-p-9781509501274
For this video, we spoke to Ryan Milner and Whitney Phillips, the co-authors of this book on the messy, antagonistic folklore constantly being created through memes.

The Disinformation Report https://www.newknowledge.com/articles/the-disinformation-report/ This is the senate-commissioned report on Russian election influence that identifies memes as the “propaganda of the digital age.”

Memes in Digital Culture
https://journals....

What Happens When We Die? - Glad You Asked S1

Title: What Happens When We Die? - Glad You Asked S1
Runtime: 19:21
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: Death has changed dramatically in the last century. From the changing definition of death to near death experiences, Alex Clark embarks to answer arguably humanity’s biggest question: What happens when we die? While looking into the dreams of the dying, Alex finds there might be an answer.

Key Sources:
Sergei Brukhonenko’s autojektor: https://www.annalsthoracicsurgery.org/article/S0003-4975(00)01091-2/fulltext

US Bioethics Commission: https://bioethics.georgetown.edu/library-materials/digital-collections/us-bioethics-commissions/

Sam Parnia’s Aware Study: http://www.horizonresearch.org/Uploads/Journal_Resuscitation__2_.pdf

About Dr. Christopher Kerr: https://www.hospicebuffalo.com/about/meet-our-team/

Correction: A previous version of this video included footage of Eva Braun and her family, which was included in error. We have replaced the footage.

0:00 Intro
1:23 The Process Of Dying
...

Title: Why Do We Cry? - Glad You Asked S1
Runtime: 19:40
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: Glad You Asked host Joss Fong has been fascinated by crying her entire life. She’s even kept a spreadsheet of every time she cries to figure out what patterns lie in the triggers. This episode explores how crying evolved in humans and what it tells us about ourselves.

Here are some of the videos Joss had the other hosts watch:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uaWA2GbcnJU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mEcqoqvlxPY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c_4ZgY5VOa4&t=60s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h2caT4q4Nbs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tuunqfdz388
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3hEMRkY4pDs + https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wVubXLv3siA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6jehrbUGdlE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5OSJHQFHbGA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=La3b_1F8h_4

Key Sources:
Thai ad “Unsung Hero”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uaWA2GbcnJU
Why Only Humans Weep by Ad Vingerhoets https...

Will We Survive Mars? - Glad You Asked S1

Title: Will We Survive Mars? - Glad You Asked S1
Runtime: 22:48
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: NASA says the first humans will set foot on Mars in the mid-2030’s. It will be the most dangerous mission any human has ever taken. Glad You Asked host Cleo Abram wants to know: What comes after that? Not how do we get there, but how will we survive once we do?

Note: There are several Fahrenheit measurements in this piece.
The metric conversions are:
At 7:53: 212 degrees Fahrenheit = 100 degrees Celsius
At 8:04: 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit = 37 degrees Celsius
At 8:45: -81 degrees Fahrenheit = -62.8 degrees Celsius

Key sources:
International Space Station Integrated Medical Group Medical Checklist https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/pdf/163533main_ISS_Med_CL.pdf

Examining Psychosocial Well-Being and Performance in Isolated, Confined, and Extreme Environments https://ston.jsc.nasa.gov/collections/TRS/_techrep/TM-2015-218565.pdf

Mars Exploration Program, NASA https://mars.nasa.gov/all-about-mars/facts...

The phone call that could get Trump impeached

Title: The phone call that could get Trump impeached
Runtime: 6:41
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: The impeachment inquiry into President Trump started with a phone call. And what makes it noteworthy is actually how simple it is.

Trump’s White House released a rough transcript of his call with Ukraine’s president, Volodymyr Zelensky. It shows Trump asking a foreign country to investigate a man who could challenge him in the 2020 election: Joe Biden. But to understand exactly what Trump wanted Zelensky to do, we have to get into a theory Trump has peddled about Biden.

To read more about the Trump impeachment inquiry, keep up with Vox.com's coverage here: https://www.vox.com/2019/9/26/20885233/trump-impeachment-ukraine-biden

This piece from Vox's Zack Beauchamp explains what the transcript actually is: https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/9/25/20883420/full-transcript-trump-ukraine-zelensky-white-house

This piece by Vox's Alex Ward gives more background on Ukraine's comedian-turned-president, Volodymyr Zelensky: https://w...

Why this chair is on so many album covers

Title: Why this chair is on so many album covers
Runtime: 7:35
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: A lot of celebrity butts sat in this chair.

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The golden age of album cover design doesn’t have a specific start and end date, but many regard the late 1960s to 1970s as one of the field's most exciting times. From the psychedelic rock covers of the '60s to glistening airbrush covers of the '70s, the era was a kaleidoscope of colors worthy of placement in modern art museums.

But there’s one genre of cover so ubiquitous it almost flew under the radar. The covers typically featured a wide shot of the artist sitting on a throne-like wicker chair, like a king or queen. Usually, the artist looked casual and relaxed; sometimes props would sit around them to decorate the scene. No matter what, the oversized woven chair was the main feature. This was the peacock chair album cover, and it was everywhere: Dolly Parton, Al Green, and Cher all sat in it.

This might seem like a weird blip of a...

Impeachment is broken. Impeach Trump, anyway.

Title: Impeachment is broken. Impeach Trump, anyway.
Runtime: 11:02
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: Three reasons to impeach Trump.

Read the original article on Vox.com: https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/9/27/20885360/impeach-donald-trump-ukraine

Get the latest on the Trump-Ukraine scandal on Vox.com: https://www.vox.com/2019/9/26/20885233/trump-impeachment-ukraine-biden

President Donald Trump faces possible impeachment after repeatedly asking the president of Ukraine to investigate Joe Biden, Trump’s chief domestic political rival, a week after Trump froze Ukraine's military aid. When Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky brought up the aid, Trump responded, “I would like you to do us a favor though,” and turned the conversation to Biden. All of this is confirmed in a call record released by Trump’s own White House. There's now an impeachment inquiry as a result of this revelation.

In 1788's Federalist 65, Alexander Hamilton considers the problem of impeachment. The process, the Constitution framer writes, is me...

Title: No, Vitamin C won't cure your cold
Runtime: 4:08
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: Just because it's good for you doesn't mean more is better.

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Lots of people reach for the orange juice or Vitamin C supplements when they start to get a cold. It's a popular myth that began in the 1970s thanks to a Nobel Prize-winning scientist. But the science is clear: Taking Vitamin C won't cure your cold.

Read more about Vitamin C from NIH:
https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminC-HealthProfessional/

And check out the full study on its effect on colds here:
https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/CC/CochraneColds_2016.pdf

Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com.

Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE
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Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Glad You Asked | Official Trailer | YouTube Originals

Title: Glad You Asked | Official Trailer | YouTube Originals
Runtime: 1:27
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: Ever wonder what “the cloud” a.k.a. the internet actually looks like? Or why memes look the way they do? Our crew rides four-wheelers into a desert, meets with an orthopedic surgeon who was struck by lightning, and tracks down the world’s leading experts to answer these questions and more.

How Monument Valley became a symbol of the West

Title: How Monument Valley became a symbol of the West
Runtime: 4:44
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: That stereotypical Western backdrop isn’t typical of the West.

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Towering red rock formations and big blue sky make up the classic backdrop of the American West. But the rocks we see in so many movies aren't typical of the area at all. In fact, they are unique to one place: Monument Valley.

Monument Valley is on the Utah-Arizona border inside the Navajo Nation Reservation, and until the 20th century, it had barely been visited by non-indigenous people. But when John Ford made Stagecoach — the 1939 blockbuster that mainstreamed Western movies and the actor John Wayne — that all changed. More filmmakers followed suit and used the location as their movie backdrop, creating a deep association between Monument Valley’s iconic landscape and the mythic American West.

To read more on the myth of the American West and Western movies, check out Richard Slotkin’s “Gunfighter Nation,�...

Why this creepy melody is in so many movies

Title: Why this creepy melody is in so many movies
Runtime: 5:49
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: This deathly 13th-century song shows up everywhere.

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Correction: Mozart’s Requiem isn’t a symphony, it’s a requiem: a type of Catholic mass for the dead. It was initially written for mass but later popularized and performed outside the church, as was Verdi's.

Think back to some of the most dramatic scenes in film history — from The Lion King, The Shining, It’s a Wonderful Life. Besides being sad or scary, they have something else in common: the dies irae. “Dies irae” translates from Latin to “Day of Wrath” — it’s a 13th-century Gregorian chant describing the day Catholics believe God will judge the living and the dead and send them to heaven or hell. And it was sung during one specific mass: funerals.

As Catholicism permeated world culture, the melody of the chant was repurposed into classical music, where it was used to convey a deathly, eerie tone. From there it...

Memory, Explained | FULL EPISODE | Vox + Netflix

Title: Memory, Explained | FULL EPISODE | Vox + Netflix
Runtime: 20:09
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: Episode one from our new miniseries THE MIND, EXPLAINED on Netflix. Watch now: http://www.netflix.com/mindexplained

THE MIND, EXPLAINED takes a five-episode deep dive into how our brains handle memory, anxiety, psychedelics and dreams. Narrated by Emma Stone.

After nearly a year of labor behind the scenes, we have an announcement for you: Explained is finally back! And during this year, we’ve turned our attention to a crucial question: Why can’t we remember what is in the fridge?

Or more importantly, why can’t we remember most of the details of our own lives? Why do an estimated 1 in 3 people suffer from an anxiety disorder at some point? And why, when we go to bed at night, are we overcome with strange visions? Do our dreams actually mean anything, or serve any purpose?

Our minds often feel like a black box. And the stakes of these questions go far beyond the fridge – to our fundamental sense of reality, and what it means to...

The gun solution we're not talking about

Title: The gun solution we're not talking about
Runtime: 6:28
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: Universal background checks won't fix America's gun crisis. But there's something else that might.

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It seems like after every mass shooting, politicians talk about expanding background checks for gun buyers. But background checks don't actually do a great job of keeping dangerous people from getting guns. What does? A licensing system, where before you can buy a gun, you need a license from the state.

* Dig deeper into Massachusetts' licensing system on Vox.com:
https://www.vox.com/2018/11/13/17658028/massachusetts-gun-control-laws-licenses
* And read the Johns Hopkins research on gun licensing:
https://www.jhsph.edu/research/centers-and-institutes/johns-hopkins-center-for-gun-policy-and-research/research/licensing/

Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox....

Title: The chart that predicts recessions
Runtime: 3:53
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: A chart called the "yield curve" has predicted every US recession over the last 50 years. Now it might be predicting another one.

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Economic experts are starting to warn that a US recession is becoming more likely because of something called the "yield curve." So what's the yield curve? What does it show? And why is it bad if it "inverts?" We visualized the yield curve over the past four decades, to show why it's so good at predicting recessions, and what it actually means when the curve changes.

Read more about the yield curve:

* Vox's Matt Yglesias has an explainer: https://www.vox.com/2019/8/14/20805404/yield-curve-inversion-recession-10-year-2-year
* Here's how the man who discovered this trend, Campbell Harvey, describes the phenomenon: https://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2019/08/18/how-the-finance-prof-who-discovered-the-inverted-yield-curve-explains-it-to-grandma/#17cadff...

The mysterious rays shooting at us from space

Title: The mysterious rays shooting at us from space
Runtime: 5:13
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: Cosmic rays are hitting us all the time. What are they?

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You may think the greatest mysteries of the universe exist way out there, at the edge of a black hole. But they actually surround us all the time — and even sail right through our bodies.

One such mystery is cosmic rays, radiation from space made of tiny bits of atoms. They’re not harmful to humans, but they’re perplexing physicists, who don’t know where they’re coming from. They’re super powerful — many are much too powerful to have originated from our sun or an exploding star. And because they don’t often travel in a straight line, it’s hard to pinpoint their true origin.

This video is based on Vox science reporter Brian Resnick’s in-depth article about cosmic rays: https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/2019/7/16/17690740/cosmic-rays-universe-theory-science

For more on how cosmic rays can affect ...

The naked lady that changed the rules of art

Title: The naked lady that changed the rules of art
Runtime: 4:35
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: Western art followed the same rules for centuries. Until Olympia.

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For centuries, the art world was controlled by the Academy of Fine Arts in Paris. They dictated how art should look and had the power to make or break an artist’s career. Getting into their yearly exhibition, the Paris Salon, was like an express pass to success. But in the late 1800s, artists started to push back against the Academy’s rules, which changed the landscape of the art world forever.

To learn more about Manet’s Olympia, listen to the ArtCurious Podcast’s episode about the painting: http://www.artcuriouspodcast.com/artcuriouspodcast/41?rq=olympia

Or read Charles Bernheimer’s “Manet's Olympia: The Figuration of Scandal”: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1773024

And if you want to learn more about Manet, the Impressionists, or just brush up on your art historical terms, check out The Ox...

Title: Why the US drinking age is 21
Runtime: 9:30
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: Why is the US drinking age 21? And how did it happen? In this episode of Vox Almanac, Vox’s Phil Edwards explores the history of the somewhat unusual way the drinking age became 21.

Help us make more ambitious videos by joining the Vox Video Lab. It brings you closer to our work and gets you exclusive perks, like livestream Q&As with all the Vox creators, a badge that levels up over time, and video extras bringing you closer to our work! Learn more at http://bit.ly/video-lab

After prohibition — the total ban on alcohol — many states established a minimum legal drinking age of 21. But that began to change after the voting age was lowered to 18. Many states followed by lowering their drinking ages, which changed the landscape for the entire country.

By the 1980s, this unusual patchwork of drinking ages started to be seen as a problem, especially by activist organizations like MADD (Mothers Against Drunk Drivers) and RID (Remove Intoxicated Dri...

Why the US and Iran are fighting over this tiny waterway

Title: Why the US and Iran are fighting over this tiny waterway
Runtime: 9:23
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: The Strait of Hormuz, “the jugular of the global economy," has become a useful bargaining chip for Iran.

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The Strait of Hormuz is a narrow waterway that lies between Iran and Oman. This 21 mile-wide passage supports 20% of the world’s oil supply. A closure of this waterway could send the global economy into a tailspin.

In recent months, several oil tankers have been seized, attacked and harassed. These oil tankers — and this narrow water passage — are at the center of the conflict between the US and Iran. It's a conflict that spans decades and has the potential to escalate in one of the world’s most important oil chokepoints.

Read more about the recent escalation between the US and Iran:
https://www.vox.com/world/2019/6/21/18700857/us-iran-standoff-timeline

Strait of Hormuz stats and details from the US Energy Information Administration:
https://www...

Where Sicko Mode's weirdest moments came from

Title: Where Sicko Mode's weirdest moments came from
Runtime: 10:16
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: Tracing the roots of Jamaican dub music.

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"Sicko Mode" by Travis Scott was an unexpected chart-topper. It sounds more like three songs than one. Its disjointed, other-worldly effects, echos, and song structure are a far cry from the traditional pop songs we're used to, but it's in these off-kilter moments that we get glimpses of a musical culture and genre that was centered around sonic experimentation and innovation, and has influenced everything from punk, rock, and pop for nearly half a century: Jamaican dub.

Spotify playlist "Sicko dub mode" https://open.spotify.com/playlist/3EJ3Rpxk8K6YfRum952NET?si=EM_5kWDXQIuj0kc-5iaWYg

Earworm is a series where Estelle Caswell takes you on a musical journey to discover the stories and sounds behind your favorite songs. More videos can be found here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5fyqfIwGjH2fYC5fFLfdwW4

Su...

Why Route 66 became America’s most famous road

Title: Why Route 66 became America’s most famous road
Runtime: 17:42
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: Route 66 is iconic. Why?

Help us make more ambitious videos by joining the Vox Video Lab. It brings you closer to our work and gets you exclusive perks, like livestream Q&As with all the Vox creators, a badge that levels up over time, and video extras bringing you closer to our work! Learn more at http://bit.ly/video-lab

Route 66 has gained a reputation as the United States of America’s most famous road. How did that happen, and why does it still matter?

In this episode of Vox Almanac, Vox’s Phil Edwards explores the history of the road and the textures of its present, from the road itself to the roadside attractions along the way, to the people who enjoy its diversions and those who help maintain them. It reveals a road that’s changed a lot over the decades but remains vital in unexpected ways.

When Cyrus Avery helped found Route 66 in the 1920s, he strived to create a road that would connect the Midwest to the West, and he res...

What the US gets wrong about minimum wage

Title: What the US gets wrong about minimum wage
Runtime: 5:06
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: Raising the minimum wage doesn’t have to be so hard.

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The American federal minimum wage hasn’t gone up in a decade. That’s the longest wait since the US first set a minimum wage in 1938. Today, Congress is debating whether they should raise it again. But the fact that Congress has to debate it at all is… kind of weird.

In the US, unlike in other developed countries, the minimum wage is a political issue. That means it gets raised irregularly and unpredictably. And that causes a bunch of problems for American workers and businesses.

But it doesn’t have to be that way.

Read more about the current debate to raise the minimum wage from Alexia:
https://www.vox.com/2019/7/18/20697509/minimum-wage-bill-raise-the-wage-act

And more about what other countries do, from the OECD:
http://www.oecd.org/employment/emp/Minimum%20wages.pdf

...

We measured pop music’s falsetto obsession

Title: We measured pop music’s falsetto obsession
Runtime: 16:31
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: From Justin Timberlake to the Bee Gees, we charted the popularity of men singing high.
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It’s nearly impossible to turn on the radio and not hear a male artist singing really high. Likely he’s a tenor, and more often than not he’ll sing in falsetto. Think Justin Bieber, The Weeknd, Bruno Mars, Drake, Charlie Puth, Shawn Mendes, Adam Levine, Sam Smith ... the list goes on and on and on.

This isn’t a trend — it has been the status quo for decades.

Using the data diving know-how of The Pudding, and drawing on the expertise of Anthony Roth Costanzo, a professional opera singer, I dig into the world of the high male vocal range by tracking how pervasive it really is across the decades.

The Pudding: https://pudding.cool/
IG: @the.pudding
Twitter: @puddingviz

The articles referenced in the video can be found here:
The Evolution of the Male Fal...

Title: Why so many suburbs look the same
Runtime: 7:20
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: So many suburbs have similar plans. Why?

Help us make more ambitious videos by joining the Vox Video Lab. It brings you closer to our work and gets you exclusive perks, like livestream Q&As with all the Vox creators, a badge that levels up over time, and video extras bringing you closer to our work! Learn more at http://bit.ly/video-lab

In this episode of Vox Almanac, Vox’s Phil Edwards investigates the system behind the shape of the suburbs.

If you’ve visited a suburb, you’ve probably noticed a similar look: same curving streets; same cul de sacs. It’s not an accident. In fact, this appearance of the suburbs is part of the Federal Housing Administration’s plan.

In the 1930s, the Federal Housing Administration, or FHA, was the financial engine behind most home development. To ensure their investments were safe ones, they strongly recommended that builders and developers comply with the ideals they set. Those regulations alig...

How Davy Crockett became an American legend

Title: How Davy Crockett became an American legend
Runtime: 12:12
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: Was Davy Crockett a sellout? And does it matter?

Help us make more ambitious videos by joining the Vox Video Lab. It brings you closer to our work and gets you exclusive perks, like livestream Q&As with all the Vox creators, a badge that levels up over time, and video extras bringing you closer to our work! Learn more at http://bit.ly/video-lab

In this episode of History Club, Vox’s Phil Edwards asks Coleman Lowndes a question: Was this American legend really as great as he was cracked up to be?

Davy Crockett’s become an American tall tale, but he was a real person and member of Congress. That’s where things get complicated. His incredible feats of bear-killing and frontier exploring intersected with a political career that was catalyzed by central banking.

When Crockett was alive, Andrew Jackson was president, and Jackson was embroiled in a battle over the Second Bank of the United States. That battle eventually resulted in the...

Title: All student debt in the US, visualized
Runtime: 5:17
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: What if all of this debt was canceled? This is what that would look like.

Become a Video Lab member to get a behind the scenes look at how we created the data visualization for this video: https://youtu.be/MlJaswcqQiA

Student loan debt has increased exponentially in the past few decades. So now, some Democratic presidential candidates propose canceling those debts — all $1.6 trillion of it. But is this a good idea? Who exactly does it benefit?

For more on student loan debt, read this Vox explainer on Elizabeth Warren's plan: https://www.vox.com/2019/4/22/18509196/elizabeth-warren-debt-free-college

And this explainer on Bernie Sanders's plan: https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/6/23/18714615/bernie-sanders-free-college-for-all-2020-student-loan-debt

This piece explains why wonks don't like Sanders's plan: https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/6/26/18760296/bernie-sanders-college-for-all-cancel-student-de...

Title: Where Manhattan’s grid plan came from
Runtime: 6:16
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: Manhattan is famous for its grid — so famous that people take pictures of the way the sun shines through it. But the origin of that grid wasn’t always certain — and not everybody is a fan.

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In this episode of Vox Almanac’s Road Trip edition, Phil Edwards explores the history of the New York City grid, with detours to Philadelphia, Savannah, and Washington, DC. Early city planning around the turn of the 19th century was a contentious and undecided discipline with lots of options and disagreement.

New York City was particularly chaotic and unplanned at the time, after years of catering to developers and, at the same time, ignoring their requests for a more sane city plan. That made the introduction of a new plan in the 1800s a more urgent matter — and a reasonable time to introduce a plan that lacked many of the artistic flourishes of contemporary city plans.

New York was all ...

Title: How scientists colorize photos of space
Runtime: 5:48
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: Yes, that’s a black and white photo.

Subscribe and turn on notifications 🔔 so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO

The Hubble Space Telescope only takes photos in black and white. To make those beautiful space photos you’ve probably seen, scientists add the color later using a technique first developed around the turn of the 20th century that imitates how our eyes naturally perceive color.

If you want to explore more Hubble photos, a lot of information came from this site: https://hubblesite.org/

And be sure to check out Kimberly Arcand and Travis Rector's book, "Coloring the Universe:" https://www.press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/distributed/C/bo22276742.html

Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com

Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newslet...

Title: Why the US has so many tornadoes
Runtime: 5:51
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: Tornado Alley experiences more tornadoes than anywhere else in the world — why?
This video is presented by CuriosityStream: https://www.curiositystream.com/Vox

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The United States experiences more tornadoes than any other country, averaging over 1,200 per year. Most of those twisters are touching down in the central part of the country in an area called “Tornado Alley.” While the boundaries of this tornado hotbed are disputed, there’s no denying that something is going on here — and it all has to do with geography.

The map we use in this video for Tornado Alley boundaries is from NOAA — you can find that and more information on their website: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climate-information/extreme-events/us-tornado-climatology/tornado-alley

Information on tornado averages and trends can also be found at NOAA:
https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climate-information/extreme-e...

The dark history of "gasoline baths" at the border

Title: The dark history of "gasoline baths" at the border
Runtime: 15:00
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: An alarming US border policy forced fumigations on migrants at the US-Mexico border.

Help our reporting on hidden histories. Submit a story idea here: http://bit.ly/2RhjxMy

In 1917, American health officials launched a campaign to use noxious, often toxic chemicals to delouse immigrants seeking to enter at the US-Mexico border. The same practice had caused a fire in an El Paso jail the year before and killed 27 people.

17-year-old Juárez maid Carmelita Torres refused to go through it, sparking a protest of thousands of Mexicans at the El Paso border. Although they briefly shut down the border, the campaign would continue for decades -- and go on to inspire Nazi scientists.

For more reading, check out the links below:
David Dorado Romo’s book, Ringside Seat to a Revolution: https://www.cincopuntos.com/products_detail.sstg?id=91

The Bracero History Archive: http://braceroarchive.org

John Mckiernan-Go...

Thomas Edison's road trip with his famous friends

Title: Thomas Edison's road trip with his famous friends
Runtime: 8:59
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: It’s time to go road-tripping with some men who ran the world.

Join the Vox Video Lab: http://bit.ly/video-lab

This is episode one of Vox Almanac’s new season all about roads — and this is a classic road trip to kick it off with.

Thomas Edison, Henry Ford, Harvey Firestone, and John Burroughs became famous as “the Vagabonds” — a traveling group that took to the (primitive) roads to see the country and make the occasional business deal. Their exploits captured the imagination of the entire country, and it even involved a few naps.

Along the way, the unique foursome chopped trees, explored, and ate in style (while catering to the film crew they brought with them). The resulting output was a mix of PR and good old-fashioned fun. Even President Warren G. Harding joined along at one point just to see what the Vagabonds were up to.

Further reading:
Check out Potato Jet! https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCNJe8u...

Title: Why the Tour de France is so brutal
Runtime: 7:10
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: It's all about the climbs.

Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO

The Tour de France is the most prominent cycling race in the world. It’s now in its 109th edition and it’s being called the ‘Highest in History’ because there are more climbs than ever before. This is important because the climbs are where the race is won and lost. The best riders rely on their teammates to get them through the long, flat, and hilly stages, before they take on the mountain stages on their own. These are the hardest and most brutal stages of the race - but they are exactly what makes the Tour de France famous.

Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com.

Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE
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India’s cow vigilantes are targeting Muslims

Title: India’s cow vigilantes are targeting Muslims
Runtime: 14:58
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: In India, Muslims are being killed over cows.
This season of Borders is presented by CuriosityStream. Watch thousands of documentaries for free for 31-days: https://www.curiositystream.com/Borders

Join the Video Lab to help us make more Vox Borders! http://bit.ly/video-lab

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Follow Johnny on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/johnny.harris/
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With original music by Tom Fox: https://tfbeats.com/

India’s government has strict laws surrounding cow slaughter because cows are sacred in Hinduism. Prime Minister Narendra Modi emphasized the need to make sure India’s cows are protected and some state governments followed suit by opening more cow shelters and ordering more police crackdowns. But some took cow protection into their own hands.

Cow vigilantes started patroll...

Title: How Trump took over America's courts
Runtime: 6:13
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: How Trump and McConnell are changing the country for a generation.

Become a Video Lab member! http://bit.ly/video-lab

President Donald Trump is building his longest-lasting legacy in a place that’s often overlooked: the federal courts. It’s not just the Supreme Court that’s important — it hears less than 100 cases a year — his impact is being seen in places like the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals.

This court has stopped many of Trump’s most controversial executive orders: the travel ban, emergency funding for a border wall. But this historically liberal court won’t look very liberal at the end of Trump’s first term.

Read more about Trump’s appointment of judges on Vox.com:
https://www.vox.com/2018/12/27/18136294/trump-mitch-mconnell-republican-judges

And more about the roles of America’s federal court system:
https://www.uscourts.gov/statistics-reports/federal-judicial-caseload-statistics-...

Title: Vox Almanac is going on a road trip
Runtime: 1:31
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: Watch episode one right here: https://youtu.be/ObKE1m3EmdE

Buckle up.

Vox Almanac is going on a road trip. Senior producer Phil Edwards explores five stories about how roads shape culture. It's a journey that goes everywhere from New York City in the 1800s to Route 66 today — with a lot of surprising stops in between.

Watch all of the Vox Almanac episodes here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eUkeI_JkArU&list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5dDYkBwaRB-0rp6GJ5vnMTe

Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com

Join the Vox Video lab to help us make more ambitious series like this one: https://youtu.be/8Xvobo6d9LY

Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE
Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o
Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H

Title: India's trucks are works of art
Runtime: 9:51
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: Why India’s trucks are so colorful.
Season 2 of Borders is presented by CuriosityStream. Watch thousands of documentaries for free for 31 days: https://www.curiositystream.com/Borders

Join the Video Lab to support Vox Borders: http://bit.ly/video-lab

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Sign up for the Borders newsletter: http://www.vox.com/borders-email

With original music by Tom Fox: https://tfbeats.com/

Bedfords were first introduced to British India during World War II. This truck model and others similar to it stuck around, and since then they've been produced commercially throughout the country. But today, they’re not just functional and mundane — their paintings make them stand out.

Colorful trucks aren’t rare in India, and their designs aren’t random. Artists that specialize in paint...

The ingredients of a classic house track

Title: The ingredients of a classic house track
Runtime: 12:54
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: With a disco sample and drum machine house music took over the globe .

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House has become one of the most popular forms of electronic music since its inception in the late 80’s.

It began in Chicago, when local DJ’s and music producers experimented with remixing disco vocals over hard hitting drum machines. They would soon play a huge role in popularizing the sound and distinguishing house music as a global music genre.

Chicago gospel singer, Loleatta Halloway, is one of the most widely sampled artists in house music history. Her song “Love Sensation” has been sampled nearly 300 times, including on Black Box’s “Ride on Time”, the notorious hit that became the best selling single in the U.K in 1989.

Special thanks to James Wiltshire and Torsten Schmidt for offering their expertise in this video. Links to them are below:
James Wiltshire: https://www.yout...

The problem with America's college entrance exam

Title: The problem with America's college entrance exam
Runtime: 8:50
Date posted: 7 years ago
Description: In the U.S., your SAT score is hugely important. But what does it *really* measure?

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The SAT college extrance exam is a gatekeeper of opportunity. But this wasn't always the case.

Here are some sources I found useful when reporting out this piece:

* The Big Test is a well known book written by Nicholas Lemann, but a few years before he published this in 1999, he wrote this piece for The Atlantic: https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1995/09/the-great-sorting/376451/

* Here's the story behind the SAT overhaul: https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/09/magazine/the-story-behind-the-sat-overhaul.html?_r=0

* This research paper, from Raj Chetty and colleagues, looks at the role of colleges in intergenerational mobility: https://www.nber.org/papers/w23618

* The SAT helps predict first-year GPA to an extent — but not for all students. We didn't inclu...

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